Contributions of Inuit ecological knowledge to understanding the impacts of climate change on the Bathurst Caribou Herd in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. 2008. Evolutionary Ecology 14: 39–60. 2010. McLellan, B.N. Unpublished report. Whitebark pine, grizzly bears, and red squirrels. (2004) observed that females dispersed 14.3 km and males dispersed 41.9 km from their natal home range. Roever, C., M.S. Genetic distances across developed valleys and major highways were elevated relative to those in undeveloped regions in central and northern BC (Proctor et al. Métis Nation BC. Washington, DC. Paetkau, D., L. P. Waits, P. L. Clarkson, L. Craighead, and C. Strobeck. Gibeau, M.L. Carnivores as focal species for conservation planning in the Rocky Mountain region. 2004). Aklavik local and traditional knowledge about grizzly bears of the Yukon North Slope: Final Report. Is there an inferred continuing decline in number of populations? 1994. Bryden. Box 1320 Scotia Centre, 5th Floor, Yellowknife NT X1A 2L9. The use of Grizzly Bears by Aboriginal peoples varies. Smithsonian fieldwork in Labrador: summary of 2004 fieldwork. On bastards between these species born in Nill's menagerie at Stuttgart. Arctic 55: 339–344. Blanchard, B.M. Historically and at present, Grizzly Bears have been hunted by some Aboriginal peoples for sustenance and cultural purposes (e.g., Hallowell 1926; Shuswap Indian Band 2008; Clark and Slocombe 2011). Several forb species dominate the summer diet and persist into the fall. Public land comprises 92% of BC and 60% of Alberta. 2005. 2005. Cronin, M.A., S.C. Amstrup, G.W. The southern fringe of Grizzly Bear distribution consists of several peninsular extensions (Figures 2, 5). Grizzly bears and forestry I: Road vegetation and placement as an attractant to grizzly bears. Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear. Discovery of the skull of a grizzly bear in Labrador. Version 9.0 (PDF; 521 KB). Quebec City: Ministère des affaires culturelles du Québec. The K'tzim-a-deen protected areas play an important role in British Columbia’s protected areas system. 2005. Widespread occurrence and diverse threats; number of locations indeterminable. Province of British Columbia. Land area and bear population of Nunavut excised in 1999. These samples were also combined with historical museum samples in a later study by Miller et al. La voix des autres. and F.L. The consequences of declining salmon stocks on Grizzly Bear populations has received little study. 1973. Brown bears once occupied much of Europe, Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. U.S. Elton (1954) reports at length about small but not uncommon numbers of Grizzly Bear skins separated in the fur returns from Labrador posts in the mid-1800s, which could not have originated from elsewhere other than the Ungava Peninsula. Terrestrial ecozones of Canada. and S. Herrero. Draft report prepared for the Lethbridge Wildlife Management Area, Alberta Sustainable Research Development. 62 pp. Ursus 15:1-9. Theberge, J., and S. Stevens. McLoughlin. Markel. BCMOE (Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks). 2001. December 2010. Ursus 10:395-403. In areas characterized by human settlement and traffic, females are known to decrease their movements dramatically beyond a certain intensity, whereas males (particularly subadults) exhibit more tolerance for moving through such hostile areas (Proctor et al. To varying degrees, several of these genetic population clusters have been in the process of expansion and reconnection, likely over the past decade or so. Bears living in drier and colder interior or northern environments typically require much larger home ranges (McLoughlin et al. Nielsen, S.E., M.S. Updated status report on the grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis in Canada. Version 2010.4. Denning characteristics of brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Males often have lower survival than females (Table 2), possibly due to a greater propensity for males to be hunted by and run into conflict with humans. Ursus 10:55-60. Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, Washington, DC. 44 pp. In the Canadian Arctic, Grizzly Bear predation on Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) has been documented (Clarkson and Liepins 1989; M.K. Mulders, Robert. Grizzly Bears influence other species in ways aside from consuming them. 1989a. The Grizzly Bear occurs in Canada, the United States, and in Europe and Asia. Edwards et al. Hovey. 1978. Further to the Terms and conditions for this website, some of the photos, drawings, and graphical elements found in material produced by COSEWIC are subject to copyrights held by other organizations and by individuals. In the Low Arctic tundra of Nunavut, average duration of den occupancy is 185 days (6.2 months) for males and 199 days (6.6 months) for females (McLoughlin et al. The smallest populations are throughout the trans-border area, including Purcell South Yaak, Selkirk South, Cabinet Mts, Selkirk Kokanee, and Selkirk Valhalla. 2005; 2012). Males, especially young males, are more likely than females to die of non-natural causes. Many jurisdictions have less than optimal habitat despite high primary productivity, where fragmentation has reduced the functionality of habitat (e.g., at the fringes of Grizzly Bear range in Alberta). In the Inuvialuit Settlement Region--an area that includes both the Yukon North Slope and the Western Arctic of NT--Grizzly Bear hunting is regulated by quota as recommended by the Wildlife Management Advisory Councils (North Slope and NT) to the appropriate ministers. 1969. 2003. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23:481-506. British Columbia Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) Population Estimate. McLellan, B.N. The demand and harvest rate by residents for Grizzly Bears in NT is low. Northern Yukon Ecological Knowledge Co-op. 2003. Journal of Mammalogy 35:345-356. Clarkson, P.L. 1995. Ecology and management of large mammals in North America. You can find half of all Canada's grizzly bears in this province alone. Savard, R. 1985. 2010. 2001. Pearson, A.M. 1975. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 15. 2005; 2012; ASDRACA 2010), the trajectory of small populations may be determined not by direct limiting factors per se, but rather by random variation in sex ratios at birth or other parameters that arise from random variation among individuals in their tendency to survive or reproduce (including genetics). Map produced by P. McLoughlin. Wielgus and Bunnell (1995, 2000) found lower reproductive rates, mean litter size, and age at first parturition in a hunted Canadian population compared to an un-hunted population. Numbers show locations of reported observations, including purported sightings of animals, tracks, and hunter kills. En’owkin Centre, RR#2, Site 50, Comp. 2314. The Grizzly Bear was listed as ‘Threatened’ under Alberta’s Wildlife Act in June 2010. P.O. Large (>50 km²) protected areas with a mandate to protect Grizzly Bears and/or their habitat. In May 2002, based on an updated status report, COSEWIC recommended that the Northwestern population of Grizzly Bears be listed as Special Concern. Hanley. Boyce, R.L. 31. MacHutchon, A.G. 1996. Grizzly Bears in Ivvavik hunt for Arctic Ground Squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) during summer and fall, and for Caribou calves and adults (Rangifer tarandus) during the brief mid-summer period when available; however, most (96–98%) foraging time is spent feeding on vegetation. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the North American brown bear and implications for conservation. Yellowknife. 1996. 2003. In 1991, prior to the passage of SARA, Grizzly Bears in Canada were divided into a prairie population and Northwestern population, which were assessed by COSEWIC as Extirpated and Special Concern, respectively. The northern interior grizzly bear Ursus arctos L. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series No. Policy Sciences. 1987. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 7:199-213. Mattson, D.J. Cluff, R.J. Gau, A. Gunn, and R. Mulders. Grizzly Bears are large and muscular (Figure 1). Search efforts used to locate Grizzly Bears and to measure population size across their range in Canada vary substantially, and have included methods as varied as surveys, ATK reports, harvest and fur returns, conventional and DNA-based mark-recapture analysis, and other population census techniques. 2011. Box 2310, 5019 - 52nd Street, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7. Alaska, considered secure (>30,000 bears); Listed as threatened in the conterminous (lower 48) United States lower 48 United States (1,200 to 1,400 bears). 2002a; Theberge et al. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. 2000. Their fur color ranges from black to light brown, making color a poor method of identification. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2012.Catalogue No. Ursus 15:35-47. (306) 966-4451; fax (306) 966-4461EmailLab website. 1987; Proctor et al. This as well as general association of Grizzly Bears with human settlements contributes to negative bear-human interactions (Herrero 2002; Inuuvik Community Corporation et al. Of particular importance, Grizzly Bears are highly capable of learning. Grizzly Bears are omnivorous but primarily herbivorous, although trophic position may vary substantially even within a population, from almost complete herbivory to near total carnivory (M.A. Hilderbrand, G.V., C.C. Kluane National Park grizzly bear research project. Website accessed August 1, 2011: http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/_live/pages/wpPages/grizzly_bears.aspx, Government of Yukon. 1999b). Nagy, J.A., R.H. Russell, A.M. Pearson, M.C.S. Kellert, S.R. 1987. 69:818-820. 30 pp. Black, L.T. It is not being double-counted elsewhere. 2004). These authors also note, however, that: “soon no memory of Grizzly Bears will remain among the people of the Ungava region, and the case for the bears’ former existence in northern Quebec and Labrador will have to be based solely on recovered faunal remains, historical accounts, and Cabot’s photograph from Long Pond (p. 14).” Stephen Loring noted of his ethnobiological survey in 2004: “...while older Innu recognized the association of matashu with a large brown bear and sometimes expressed surprise at the memory of the word, no one we talked to had much to say about its history or habits (Loring 2005).” The last recorded sighting was in 1948 (Wright 1962). Scavenging of whale carcasses is known (Wildlife Management Advisory Council (North Slope) and the Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee 2008). A phylogeny of the bears (Ursidae) inferred from complete sequences of three mitochondrial genes. Cubs are born in the den in January or February. 2. A portion regarding the distribution of the bear in the Ungava region is reprinted from Loring and Spiess (2007): “A species of Bear supposed to be the Barren Ground Bear is well known to inhabit the sparsely timbered tracts along George’s River [George River] from within thirty miles of its mouth to the headwaters. Mounting concerns regarding the viability of many Pacific salmon runs (Price et al. 188 pp. Proctor, M., J. Boulanger, S. Nielsen, C. Servheen, W. Kasworm, T. Radandt, and D. Paetkau. Box 2703, Whitehorse YT Y1A 2C6. Estimation of grizzly bear population size for the Swan Hills management unit using DNA smapling and habitat-relative occupancy models. Servheen, C. 1990. In terms of significance of the Ungava DU, the loss of this population has resulted in an extensive gap in the species’ distribution in Canada, including elimination of the species from two provinces (Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador), and it is unlikely to be replaced through natural dispersal. Grizzly bear compendium. Arthur, and C. Servheen. Available (Accessed: December 6, 2011 ). Eastern Slopes grizzly bear project: a progress report for 1996. Robbins, and T.A. Throughout the NT kills must be reported, and cubs, bears accompanied by cubs, and bears in dens are protected. Otherwise, populations in the lower 48 United States are generally small and fragmented (estimated to number in total approximately 1,200–1,400 bears; USFWS 2011). (2009) recently documented several isolated populations of <30 bears in the South Coast Mountains of southern BC. Map of the Ungava Peninsula of Quebec and Labrador showing the postulated range of the ‘Ungava’ Grizzly Bear in the late 19, Figure 4. 3. OccurrenceQuebec, Newfoundland and Labrador. Press Release 330-30:ELP2001-702. Report to Yukon Renewable Resources, Fish and Wildlife Branch, by Bath Associates, Canyon, WY, USA. A. Chapman (eds), Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation, pp. Cross breeding between a female European brown bear and a male polar bear in Lodz Zoo. The Western population occupies an estimated area of 2.98 × 106 km². Canadian Journal of Zoology 79:838-844. In western BC, bears as far inland as several hundred kilometres can show a >20% contribution by salmon to their yearly diets (Horejsi et al. 1997; 1998). McLellan et al. (2006). I. McLellan, B.N. A habitat generalist, its distribution and relative abundance in the absence of humans is largely driven by habitat productivity and seasonality. British Columbia was, moreover, largely unsampled in this study, which used ordination methods to cluster what could be interpreted as continuous data. Final Report. Caribou (both calves and adults) was the most prevalent food item, especially in spring, mid-summer, and autumn. Haroldson, G. Mowat, C.D. (1995), Pasitschniak-Arts and Messier (2000), and Schwartz et al. 3 pp. 2008. Arctic 60:271-276. The current point estimate of abundance for the DU as a whole (Table 4) represents no change from either the 2002 estimate (COSEWIC 2002) or the 1990 estimate (Banci 1991); no data exist prior to 1991 to estimate trends over three generations. Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 272: 2409-2416. January 2012. 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