Zebrafish have a similar genetic structure to humans and share about 70% of the genes. In this study, samples were obtained from zebrafish at different developmental stages. Stages of Embryonic Development of the Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton) Spirita Sharmili V, Ahila Angelin J Abstract We describe a series of stages for development of the embryo of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. With so many internal organ systems and external structures beginning specialization and development in the embryo, the developing organism is particularly sensitive to damage from genetic abnormalities and environmental exposures. Reproduction. The Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is tropical freshwater fish and a very popular model organism for scientific research in the fields of development, vertebrate processes, genetics, and more. The zebrafish embryo is a popular model for drug screening, disease modelling and molecular genetics. The Zebrafish is an omnivorous vertebrates and consumes zooplankton, insects, insect larvae and phytoplankton. Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. This feature permits the embryos to survive the initial phase of embryonic development and allows the analysis of embryos with severe cardiovascular defects. At 4 dpf, pdgfrb-expressing pericytes have been present for about 2 days, while vSMCs are only starting to express acta2 and are therefore not fully differentiated. Severe problems with embryonic development can occur as early as the first 3 weeks. During the gastrula period, embryos develop three germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. These data indicate that cancer can be considered as a deviation in normal development that can be controlled by factors in embryonic microenvironment during the differentiating stages. Pericytes are first visualized in the zebrafish brain at 48 hpf and vSMCs at around 80 hpf. In cardiovascular research, it has been used to model specific cardiac phenomena as well as to identify novel therapies for human cardiovascular disease. Retinoic acid is thought to act on the posterior hindbrain and the limb buds at somitogenesis stages in chick and mouse embryos. For optimal development, the embryo should be maintained at between 24 and 29 degrees Celsius. The nine images of an embryo are in the order, from left to right, of its developmental stages. D, E. Interruption of the development. Problems with Embryo Development. Go to zebrafish development stills. (A) Survival rates, (B) Hatching rates, and (C) Heart beats per 15 s until 96 hpf. Spatio-temporal analysis of gene a expression in zebrafish embryos. At 22 hpf, weak expression of aqp9a was observed in brain (Fig. The development traces of the bare embryo under UVB ray. At later stages, its expression became more apparent in brain (Fig. Zebrafish embryos are exposed to TCS (control, negative control, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/l) for 96 h post fertilization (hpf). We define seven broad periods of embryogenesis-the zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, and hatching periods. Links: Zebrafish Development | Movies. * When the Zebrafish are removed from the tank in order to collect the eggs (30 minutes after daylight) keeping them separated is recommended for the period it will take to collect the eggs to boost mating and the release of more eggs. We describe a series of stages for development of the embryo of the zebrafish, Danio (Brachydanio) rerio. Movie of an immobilized zebrafish embryo development from the 1-cell stage to 85 hours post fertilisation (hpf). In this study, samples were obtained from zebrafish at different developmental stages. Charles Kimmel The development of a single zebrafish retina captured on a light sheet microscope approx. Print one set of images per group of students. A-E. The zebrafish embryo is a popular model for drug screening, disease modelling and molecular genetics. Development of zebrafish embryos exposed to nicotine: gross morphology. The development stages of the coated embryo under UV radiation. Advantages of the zebrafish embryo as a model. In this study, samples were obtained from zebrafish at different developmental stages. development [3-5]. An embryo is the early stage of development of a multicellular organism.In general, in organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization and continues through the formation of body structures, such as tissues and organs. every 12 hours from 1.5 days to 3.5 days after birth of the embryo. In zebrafish embryos that lack blood circulation, oxygen can still enter the embryos and reach all tissues by passive diffusion owing to the small size of the embryo. Monitoring of mortality, hatching rate, and whole-embryo cellular death showed that incubation of low concentrations of the NPs did not exhibit adverse developmental toxicity during embryonic and larval stages of zebrafish. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an increasingly popular animal model biological system. Pre-MZT stages of development are characterized by rapid, synchronous cell cycles (cleavages), and the development is driven by maternally-provided factors, including transcriptome and proteome . The stages that were chosen were 3/4, 4/5, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post … We tested multiple stages of development and chose two stages to study. Toxic effects of Triclosan (TCS) in zebrafish embryo development. The incident power density of the zebrafish embryo exposures, at the water surface, was approximately 22 W/m 2. Unlike a similar mass of tissue taken from larger animals for respirometry, the zebrafish embryo in its later stages of development has a working circulatory system, and globin genes are expressed from 15 hpf onward in zebrafish embryos . Figure 1. 4B). A, F. 30%-epiboly stage. and zebrafish mutants. B, Summary of overall lengths of control embryos (C) and embryos exposed to nicotine (N) measured at 42, 66, and 120 hpf. Numbers in each panel represent embryos used for the experiment and embryos with the result shown in the image. A number of studies have suggested that retinoic acid (RA) is an important signal for patterning the hindbrain, the branchial arches and the limb bud. Using the zebrafish model, we demonstrated that a Bcl-2 homolog, referred to as Nrz (Nr-13 ortholog in zebrafish), is critical during the early stages of zebrafish development . Furthermore, it has been demon-strated that teratoma differentiates into normal tissues once implanted in the embryo [6]. Evaluated parameters included survival, development, behaviour and neuronal biochemical markers. In zebrafish, lsd1 is expressed throughout the developing stages: from the one cell embryo the expression pattern becomes restricted to the anterior of the embryo and is particularly enriched at the neural structures as embryonic development progresses. In this study, samples were obtained from zebrafish at different developmental stages. 4A). The zebrafish lifecycle is divided into four major periods: Embryo, larva, juvenile, and adult. 4D’), swim bladder and eyes at 96 hpf (Fig. High pectoral stage. Embryo has been injected with 50 pg of α-bungarotoxin mRNA into the 1-cell. 4C-F″).Additionally, we observed that aqp9a was also expressed in pectoral fin at 48 hpf (Fig. In this research, we report on an in vivo stain-free blood vessel imaging technique at pre-larval stages of zebrafish embryonic development. Zebrafish Fertilization and Development B, G. Bud stage. First, let’s go over the basic steps in zebrafish development. In zebrafish, Nrz protein possesses a dual subcellular localization at the ER and the mitochondria . Representative images of embryos at early (A) or later (B) stages of development, hybridized with a probe specific for c19orf12a mRNA. While the zebrafish cardiovascular system functioning is well examined at larval stages, the mechanisms by which vessel activity is initiated remain a subject of intense investigation. We define seven broad periods of embryogenesis—the zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, and hatching periods. Developmental Dynamics, 1995. J. Protruding-mouth stage. At 14 hpf, aqp9a transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in the whole zebrafish embryo (Fig. We define seven broad periods of embryogenesis—the zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, and hatching periods. Female zebrafish spawn every 2-3 days and produce several hundred eggs in each clutch. For example, although we focused on early stages of zebrafish retina development to observe interkinetic nuclear migration, the addition of fluorescent markers such as huc:RFP at later developmental stages will allow us to study how cell proliferation and … Patterning of ventral mesoderm Although the first circulating blood cells are visible by 24hpf during zebrafish development, the processes re-quired for HSC generation are already underway from 5hpf, when gastrulation takes place. The zebrafish embryo is a popular model for drug screening, disease modelling and molecu-lar genetics. The stages that were chosen were 3/4, 4/5, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post … Therefore, a knowledge of maternal proteome dynamics seems to be essential for understanding the regulation of early embryonic development in zebrafish. Regarding acute toxicity, a 168 h-LC 50 value of 1.18 mg/L was obtained. In the post-embryonic zebrafish eye, all the stages of progression from stem cell to differentiated neuron are found near the margin of the eye, in a region termed the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). Early development occurs at a rapid, but predictable rate when the embryos are raised at 28 °C. The zebrafish embryo is a popular model for drug screening, disease modelling and molecular genetics. C, H. 14-somite stage. 4F, F′). We describe a series of stages for development of the embryo of the zebrafish, Danio (Brachydanio) rerio. In addition, they develop rapidly, so that at 24 hours after fertilization, the embryo has formed most of its tissues and organ primordia and displays the characteristic tadpole-like form. A, Photomicrographs of a 66 hpf control zebrafish embryo and a stage-matched embryo exposed to 33 μ m nicotine beginning at 22 hpf. Batteries of embryo larval assays with zebrafish were performed to evaluate the potential effects of FLX exposure, including environmentally relevant concentrations. The zebrafish embryo offers an inexpensive system that combines many features that are desirable for the development of new approaches to drug development (Bowman and Zon, 2010).As a vertebrate, the zebrafish shares a high degree of conservation with mammalian systems: the genomes of zebrafish and humans are highly related and … I. Clock is shown in lower right. F-J. You can laminate them inexpensively by covering the front and back of the images with wide, clear, packing tape. The full life cycle from fertilized egg to adult is a quick 90 days. 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