Rastafarianism is a newer religious movement that follows in the Abrahamic tradition of monotheism, referring to the singular deity as Jah. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism are always included in the list, being known as the "Big Five". https://www.infoplease.com/culture-entertainment/religion/major-religions-world Distribution of world religions by country/state, and by smaller administrative regions for the largest countries (2012 data). This prompted a period of skeptical inquiry, one in which atheism became an important cultural, philosophical, and political entity. Map showing self-reported religiosity by country. Though its scriptures and traditions inform countless subsequent sects and ideologies, Buddhism is largely divided into two branches: Theravada — the goal of which is to achieve freedom from ignorance, material attachment, and anger by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path, all in pursuit of a sublime state called Nirvana; and Mahayana — the goal of which is aspire to Buddhahood by practicing the Zen principles of self-control, meditation, and expression of the insight of Buddha in your daily life, especially for the benefit of others, all to the end of achieving bodhisattva, or an ongoing cycle of rebirth by which you can continue to enlighten others. Critical among these concepts is the theme of the Four Purusarthas, or goals, of human life: Dharma (ethics and duties), Artha (prosperity and work), Kama (desires and passions), and Moksha (liberation and salvation). As one of the earliest extant religious traditions to emerge from the spiritually fertile Indian subcontinent, Jainism both shares with and diverges from features of the Hindu and Buddhist traditions that also emerged there. 2010 Chinese Spiritual Life Survey conducted by the Purdue University's Center on Religion and Chinese Society. The Parliament of the World's Religions was created to cultivate harmony among the world's religious and spiritual communities and foster their engagement with the world and its guiding institutions in order to achieve a just, peaceful and sustainable world. URI Kids: World Religions We hope the information contained in these pages helps to serve as an introduction to some of the many religions and spiritual traditions in the world. ", Daniel Defoe described the original definition as follows: "Religion is properly the Worship given to God, but 'tis also applied to the Worship of Idols and false Deities. This is a study starter, an entry point for understanding the basics of the world’s major religions. ", Learn how and when to remove this template message, A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations, Sociological classifications of religious movements, "Christians remain world's largest religious group, but they are declining in Europe", "Ethnic vs. Evangelical Religions: Beyond Teaching the World Religion Approach", "The Religions of the Indian Subcontinent Stretch Back for Millennia", "classification of religions | Principles & Significance", "5 Religions with the Most Followers | Huffington Post", "Among Wealthy Nations U.S. The Sant tradition is a devotional movement driven by poets writing hymns in praise of god(s). The Bahá’í faith is essentially a spiritual ideology that teaches the value of all religions, espousing the importance of universal equality and unity. Today, most of the world’s four to five million Jains reside in India. What followed was centuries of persecution and suppression by Muslim conquerors, to the point of almost entirely snuffing out Zoroastrian teachings and practices in the Arabic-speaking world. Some common threads include the belief in spirits and a sense of connectivity with nature. See: http://www.fredonia.edu/summer/ - Summer Session I or II. This oppression would play a major role in the Afrocentric interpretation of the Bible favored by Rastafari. With more than 1.6 billion adherents, Islam is the second largest religion in the world and the chief spiritual identity for more than 24% of the world’s population. Christianity has seen countless reformation movements, which spawned innumerable sects and offshoot denominations. Christianity teaches that Jesus is the Son of God and the Messiah (the savior of humanity foretold in the Torah, the primary scriptural doctrine of the Jewish faith). Here, individuals, families, and whole groups were displaced from the communities or tribes they called home on the African continent. The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of ancient India, providing the template for a faith based on the ideas of moral rectitude, freedom from material attachment or desire, the achievement of peace and illumination through meditation, and a life dedicated to wisdom, kindness, and compassion. One way to define a major religion is by the number of current adherents. To Huxley, and the agnostic and athiest thinkers who followed, theistic or gnostic religions lack scientific basis, and therefore, should be rejected. Christians maintain that heaven with God awaits them after bodily death, whereas eternal separation from God in hell awaits those who neither received forgiveness for their sins nor acknowledged Jesus as Lord. Lord knows, somebody had to come up with the idea for each of these religions in the first place. Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teaching of Jesus of Nazareth. Other important concepts include karma, which asserts a universal relationship between action, intent, and consequences; samsara, the Hindu concept of rebirth; and a wide range of Yogic practices merging the body, mind, and elements. These practices have seen a small resurgence in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with some Iranians and Iraqi Kurdish populations adopting Zoroastrianism as a mode of resistance to theocratic governance. There’s a lot out there. (Today, Babism exists with a few thousand adherents, concentrated largely in Iran, and standing separately from the Islamic ideologies that surround it.) There is no consensus among researchers as to the best methodology for determining the religiosity profile of the world's population. By contrast, in a 2008 survey, roughly 26% of Japanese citizens reported visiting Shinto shrines. Islam is given the second rank in the list of major religions of the world having more than 1.5 billion followers as per 2020 list of largest religions in the world. Conder's work still adhered to the four-way classification, but in his eye for detail he puts together much historical work to create something resembling the modern Western image: he includes Druze, Yezidis, Mandeans, and Elamites[clarification needed][8] under a list of possibly monotheistic groups, and under the final category, of "polytheism and pantheism," he listed Zoroastrianism, "Vedas, Puranas, Tantras, Reformed sects" of India as well as "Brahminical idolatry," Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Lamaism, "religion of China and Japan," and "illiterate superstitions" as others. And like every religion in the world, it depends on what you bring to it. World map showing the percentages of people who regard religion as "non-important" according to a 2002 Pew survey. In fact, Zoroastrianism was soon adopted as the official state religion of the Persian Empire and remained so for nearly a thousand years. Because Africa contains diverse people groups, and their religions remain deeply tied to geography and tribal lands, the continent’s history is a tapestry of distinct spiritual traditions. Though too extensive to name, the following list — borrowed from Wikipedia — identifies the most notable African diaspora religions: Native American religions encompass the broad and diverse set of customs, beliefs, and practices observed by the indigenous populations that thrived in the Americas before the arrival of European colonists. Centered around early 20th century Jamaica, Rastafarianism emerged as a ethnocultural reaction to British occupation and oppression. world religions, a term which refers to transcultural, international religions; indigenous religions, which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; and; new religious movements, which refers to recently developed religions. In exchange, God promised to make Abraham’s offspring a “Chosen People.” This Chosen People would become the Children of Israel, and eventually, the Jewish faith. This belief system rejects theology as well as the constructs of organized religion. With roughly 14.3 million adherents, practitioners of Judaism comprise about 0.2% of the world’s population. This theory began in the 18th century with the goal of recognizing the relative levels of civility in societies, which in … Hey, even if you’ve invented your own religion, tell us about it in the comments section. 5. Buddhism. The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, though this is not a uniform practice. In the early 1930s, a movement of Rastafarians espoused that the faithful were living in an African diaspora, scattered from their homelands by colonization and slavery. You could spend a lifetime studying each of these traditions. A way of living based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. [12] Even history professors have now taken note of these complications and advise against teaching "world religions" in schools. And with the emergence of communism and Maoism in the 20th century, the mainstream practice of Confucianism was largely at an end. Abrahamic religions originate in West Asia,[14][15] Indian religions in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia)[16] and East Asian religions in East Asia. Some religions emerged around established kingdoms and settlements — especially in the monarchical societies of pre-Latin America — whereas others emerged around tribes that moved within and between regions. Today, the more than 28 million estimated adherents of Sikhism are largely concentrated in India, making it the seventh largest religion in the world. Lesson by John Bellaimey, animation by TED-Ed. In Christianity and World Religions, Revised Edition, Adam Hamilton deals with questions so many of us have about the four major world religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Judaism—and compares the beliefs of each with those of Christianity. Traditional Japanese styles of dress, dance, and ritual are also rooted in Shinto customs. His 1966 visit to Jamaica would become the pivotal moment in the spread of Rastafari ideas and the resultant political movement for liberation within Jamaica. These form the Bible, the central text of the Christian faith. "[5] At the turn of the 19th century, in between 1780 and 1810, the language dramatically changed: instead of "religion" being synonymous with spirituality, authors began using the plural, "religions," to refer to both Christianity and other forms of worship. During this period, 1500–600 BCE, civilization transitioned from tribal and pastoral living into settled and agricultural living. Many who characterize themselves as atheists argue that a lack of proof or scientific process prevents the belief in a deity. Indeed, its present-day scriptures and community remain somewhat insular. Shinto is unique among religions. Combined, Christianity is the largest religion in the world, with roughly 2.4 billion adherents, or 33% of the total population. A term adapted in modern historical discourse, gnosticism concerns the variety of religious systems and beliefs in the ancient world that emerged from the Judeo-Christian tradition. As something of a hybrid of other faiths, Bahá’í grew out of the tradition of Babism, which itself emerged from an Islamic denomination called Shaykhism. These and other concepts are outlined in the Acaranga Sutra, the oldest of the Jainist scriptures. Jethro’s status as a hidden prophet is an important conceptual dimension of the Druze culture. Other religions hold the environment sacred as well. Despite a small population of adherents, the Druze nonetheless play an important role in the development of their region (known in historical shorthand as the Levant). In his trademark honest and open writing style, Hamilton helps answer questions such as: Why are there so many different religions? This focus on the corporeal also extends to the Jainist caste system, which, not unlike Hinduism, requires adherents eschew social liberation in favor of spiritual liberation. Each religion or tradition represented here, and the countless not represented here, offer worlds unto themselves, replete with scriptures, histories, leaders, events, codes of ethics, richly drawn mythologies, and unwavering adherents. Learn about the best online colleges and universities that allow you to earn your degree from anywhere. Religions of the world, mapped by distribution. When it comes to the classification of religion, there are five distinctive branches: Abrahamic, Iranian, Indian, African and Indigenous and folk. Far too many forms of practice exist to be named in one place, but the faith’s three largest branches are Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. Historically, the Baháʼí Faith arose in 19th-century Persia, in the context of, Spirituality and Psychiatry - Page 236, Chris Cook, Andrew Powell, A. C. P. Sims - 2009. The Parliament spurred the creation of a dozen privately funded lectures with the intent of informing people of the diversity of religious experience: these lectures funded researchers such as William James, D. T. Suzuki, and Alan Watts, who greatly influenced the public conception of world religions. Watch with Prime. The Sikh religion came into focus during the late 15th century and draws its tenets of faith, meditation, social justice, and human equality from a scripture called the Guru Granth Sahib. Roughly 3–4% of the Japanese population identifies as being part of a Shinto sect or congregation. Its founding figure, Zoroaster, was an innovative religious thinker and teacher who is believed to have lived between 700 BCE and 500 BCE in Persia (modern-day Iran). The Druze view themselves as the direct descendants of Jethro of Midian, distinguished in Jewish scripture as the father-in-law of Moses. In addition to making projections at the global level, this report projects religious change in 198 countries and territories with at least 100,000 people as of 2010, covering 99.9% of the world’s population. Islam is one of the great monotheistic world religions practiced today. It is one of the fastest growing religions and was founded about 1400 years before in Saudi Arabia which is … This visit led to the eventual conversion of Rastafari’s most famous adherent, singer Bob Marley. The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, though this is not a uniform practice. This was considered the germinal moment in the emergence of the modern religious tradition. Polling around the world has produced an extremely wide variance, with the largest rates of atheism generally seen in Europe and East Asia. Some who refer to themselves as secular humanists have developed a code of ethics that exists separate from the worship of a deity. Closely related is the idea of agnosticism, which doesn’t profess to know whether there is or isn’t a deity. Whether to count only adults, or to include children as well. Exclusivity is one of the most popular charges leveled against the Christian faith. Some religions would disappear entirely. In the Tanakh — the body of Jewish scripture which includes a foundational text called The Torah, and later supplemental texts call the Midrash and the Talmud — it is said that God spoke to Abraham and commanded him to recognize the singularity and omnipotence of God. Of course, whatever you believe or don’t, we wish you good luck on your exams. The Hindu Synthesis was a period of time, roughly 500 BCE to 300 CE, in which the precepts of Hinduism solidified from multiple intertwining strands of Indian spiritual and cultural tradition, emerging from a broad range of philosophies to share a unifying set of concepts. And if we missed anything, let us know. Population estimates for an additional 36 countries and territories are included in regional and global totals throughout the report. Islam With an estimated 1.6 billion adherents, Islam is the world's second most popular religion. Marley would help to spread the popular visibility of the faith, as well as its practices of communal gathering, musical expression, preservation of the natural world, and the use of cannabis as a spiritual sacrament. The ending explains how Jesus' teaching differs from the major religions. Use of the term originated in the ancient world and was meant to degrade those who rejected commonly accepted religious precepts. Bahá’u’lláh, the founding figure in the Bahá’í faith, officially established his ideology in 1863 in Persia (or modern-day Iran). [13] Others see the shaping of religions in the context of the nation-state as the "invention of traditions.". Zoroaster’s ideas finally fell out of authority after the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century CE. The French Revolution was driven by the prioritization of human reason over the abstract authority of religion. However, it remains a foundational ideology and force underlying Asian and Chinese attitudes toward scholarly, legal, and professional pursuits. In other words, religion is so diverse and nuanced a subject that it’s nearly impossible to encapsulate all of the world’s major religions in just a few words. World religions is a category used in the study of religion to demarcate the five—and in some cases more—largest and most internationally widespread religious movements. Islam teaches that Allah is the only God and that Muhammed is his messenger. Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that — according to its adherents — can be traced through a succession of 24 sagely teachers. As a reflection of Japanese identity, Shinto observance is not necessarily limited to those who view themselves as religious adherents. We also scratch the surface when it comes to the number of actual religions and denominations, both current and ancient. Selassie was seen as the man who would lead the people of Africa, and those living in the diaspora, to freedom and liberation. Druze ideologies are something of a hybrid though, drawing from the cultural teachings of Islam, but also incorporating the wisdom of Greek philosophers, such as Plato, and concepts of reincarnation similar to those in Hindu canon. Wikipedia identifies a few major native American religions: This is by no means a complete list. Actually, that’s an understatement. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion", "Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents", "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics", "Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact", "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group", People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011, "Japan: International Religious Freedom Report 2006", "Falun Gong, banned in China, finds a loud protest voice in the U.S. through Shen Yun dance troupe", "Tabela 2102: População residente por situação do domicílio, religião e sexo", Caodaism in Vietnam : Religion vs Restrictions and Persecution, "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", "Global adherents of the World's 19 distinct major religions", "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, International Council for Inter-Religious Cooperation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Major_religious_groups&oldid=998518175, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with limited geographic scope from March 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2012, Articles needing additional references from May 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 0.37%: unaffiliated (inc. atheists, agnostics, religious but not affiliated), The religions of the tribal peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa, but excluding, Whether to count "historically predominant religious culture[s]", Whether to count only those who actively "practice" a particular religion, Whether to count based on a concept of "adherence", Whether to count only those who expressly self-identify with a particular denomination. Like their in-laws, the Druze are monotheistic, professing faith in only one God. In this video Dusty takes a look at the century following the death of religion. 100 years after religion is dead and gone, what will the world look like? The Sikh religion is a monotheistic one, believing in one God like the founder, Guru Nanak, did as a member of the Sant (Saint) tradition. The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2007) excerpt and text search 1126pp; Carus, Paul. Taken together, these brief and sometimes overlapping histories offer a window into human history itself. Hinduism is regarded by some as the world’s oldest religion, likely dating back to what is known on the Indian subcontinent as the Vedic age. Its primary text, the Avesta, combines the Gathas (Zoroaster’s writings) with the Yasna (the scriptural basis of Zoroastrianism). Religion is a vast subject. Gnosticism likely refers not to a single religious orientation but to an “interreligious phenomenon” in which various groups across an array of regions evolved to a similar set of beliefs and ideas. More than 80,000 Shinto shrines dot Japan. Today, between 700,000 and one million adherents practice Rastafarianism, the majority of them concentrated in Jamaica. Religion is a vast subject. Sikhism is a monotheistic faith emerging from and remaining concentrated in the Punjabi region that traverses Northern India and Eastern Pakistan. These belief systems held that emanations from a single God were responsible for the creation of the material world and that, as such, all humans carried the divine spark of God. Though no one figure or group is credited with its founding, Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world today. This "Big Religion Chart" is our attempt to summarize the major religions and belief systems of the world - Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and dozens more - into a quick-reference comparison chart. The central governing body of the Bahá’í faith, a nine-member council called the Universal House of Justice, operates from Haifa, Israel. Candomblé . As Buddhism became the dominant spiritual force in China, Confucianism declined in practice. With an emphasis on family and social harmony, Confucianism was a distinctly humanist and even secularist religious ideology. Map showing the prevalence of "Abrahamic religion" (purple), and "Indian religion" (yellow) religions in each country. Oversimplication is unavoidable in charts like these, and it is not intended to be a substitute for advanced religious study and exploration, but simply a fast overview. Initially, Christians had a simple dichotomy of world beliefs: Christian civility versus foreign heresy or barbarity. But we’re going to try anyway. Christianity began in Jerusalem as an outgrowth of Judaism that considered Jesus the Christ (meaning “anointed one”). Its impact on the shape of world history and on present-day world culture is incalculable. Abraham accepted, becoming the father not just of Judaism but of the various monotheistic (or Abrahamic) religions that followed. Enjoy the videos and music that you love, upload original content and share it all with friends, family and the world on YouTube. This may be one reason that the Druze, while participating actively in the politics and affairs of their home nations, shield their customs and practices from the eyes of outsiders. Like Hindu and Buddhism, Jainism teaches the doctrines of karma, rebirth, and monastic (as opposed to theistic) spiritual practices. The primary texts retelling this period of history are called the Vedas and would significantly inform the so-called Hindu Synthesis. Informal or unorganized religions are especially difficult to count. John Bellaimey explains the intertwined histories and cultures of Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. Islam is a monotheistic religion that — like Christianity and Judaism — traces its roots to the Garden of Eden, Adam, and the prophet Abraham. But we hope this is a helpful place to start. Selassie was viewed by Rastafari as the Second Coming, a direct descendant of Christ, and the Messiah foretold in the Book of Revelation. Today, Islam is the dominant faith for large swaths of geography, particularly in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and North Africa. These existential questions are central to the five major world religions -- and that's not all that connects these faiths. The result was the proliferation of innumerable religious groups around the Caribbean, Latin America and the southern United States during the 16th through 18th centuries. We’ll give you the quick low down on the belief systems, theologies, scriptures, and histories of the world’s major religions. Below are some of the leading spiritual and religious traditions in the world, both past and present: Atheism refers to either the absence of a belief in the existence of deities or to an active belief that deities do not exist. Often, like the traditional African religions they emerged from, these groups shared common threads regarding reverence for the spirits, veneration of the dead, and similar creation mythologies. The first of these teachers is thought to have been Rishabhanatha, who lived millions of years ago. Gnosticism is dualistic and draws sharp divides between the superior spiritual world and the inferior material world, with the gaining or receiving of special, hidden knowledge (“gnosis”) allowing transcendence from one realm to another. However, the growth in religious pluralism, interfaith dialogue that promotes the idea that all religions are equal, and the erroneous teachings that many ways lead to God or to heaven all exist today. [11], In the latter half of the 20th century, the category of "world religion" fell into serious question, especially for drawing parallels between vastly different cultures, and thereby creating an arbitrary separation between the religious and the secular. You can take this course online for college credit during a five week summer session in 2018. A number of fundamental aspects are unresolved: Following is some available data based on the work of the World Christian Encyclopedia:[52]. The history of the devil and the idea of evil: from the earliest times to the present day (1899) full text; Eliade, Mircea, and Joan P. Culianu. These shrines are an essential artifact of — and channel for — Shinto observation. Each of these entries is a surface-level look at the religion in question. Like Babism, Bahá’í incorporates some of the teachings of Islam but merges them with some Christian principles. The arrival of Europeans signaled the beginning of a cultural, spiritual, and actual genocide, one that wiped out tribes wholesale through violence, disease, and religious conversion. But his influence would loom large in the ancient world, with the rabbinic moral codes of Judaism and its model of ethical monotheism both significantly informing the formulation of law and religion in western civilization. Its more than one billion adherents comprise more than 15% of the world’s population. This is the first post in a series on World Religions for Kids, a group of articles packed with resources to help teachers and parents teach their children about World Religions as a means to promote compassion, empathy, cultural understanding, and tolerance.. World religions share a common virtue, that is universally taught, respect, revered: it is often referred to as The Golden Rule. Whether to rely only on official government-provided statistics, Whether to use multiple sources and ranges or single "best source(s)", Religions by country according to The World Factbook - CIA, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 19:07. (Try capturing everything about Buddhism in just 250 words!) If you are a violent person, your Islam, your Judaism, your Christianity, your Hinduism is going to be violent." Statistics published in: Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, David Strait. Truthfully, this subject defies brevity. The Buddha’s teachings proliferated widely through much of Asia in the centuries that followed. Most of the world`s religions offer the answers to the origin of life and universe along with moral and ethic codes of conduct. It gained more popular modern visibility when coined by English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley, who in 1869 recognized that incapacity of humans to truly answer questions regarding the divine. This dichotomy would also give way to a division between the two dominant sects of Islam, Sunni and Shia. The specific one world religion of the end times cannot be fully developed until the tribulation when the Antichrist rules. Self-reported figures from 1999; North Korea only (South Korean followers are minimal according to census). For the 1996 Thomas Patrick Burke book published by Blackwell, see, Religious movement with major international spread, The examples and perspective in this article. The following looks at the major world religions... Hinduism, New Age Spirituality, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. In the 18th century, "heresy" was clarified to mean Judaism and Islam;[3] along with paganism, this created a fourfold classification which spawned such works as John Toland's Nazarenus, or Jewish, Gentile, and Mahometan Christianity,[4] which represented the three Abrahamic religions as different "nations" or sects within religion itself, the "true monotheism. 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