Building on UN-Habitat’s long experience in sustainable urban development, the Cities and Climate Change Initiative … The world is becoming more and more urban, and therefore cities are important actors in addressing climate change. All these have costly impacts on cities' basic services, infrastructure, housing, human livelihoods and health. Because they are home to major infrastructure and highly concentrated populations, cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising sea levels, warmer temperatures and fiercer storms. [40] Steering Committee members include: Accra, Bogota, Boston, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Dhaka, Dubai, Durban, Hong Kong, London, Los Angeles, Milan, Seattle, and Stockholm. The contributing role of cities in accentuating the effects of climate change is increasingly demonstrated in the literature, underscoring the unsustainable models on which urban life has been made to thrive. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. As key sites in the production and management of emissions of greenhouse gases, cities will be crucial for the implementation of international agreements and national policies on climate change. As the hubs of economic activity, cities generate the bulk of GHG emissions and are thus important to mitigation strategies. Cities represent a challenge and an opportunity for climate change policy. All of these everyday necessities are vulnerable to changes in climate. In cooperation with partners, UNEP assists national and local governments by raising awareness, organizing workshops and trainings, developing evaluation tools and involving cities in international meetings on climate change. [11] Urban studies scholars Michael Hebbert and Vladmir Jankovic argue that this field of research grew out of a larger body of research on the effects of urban development and living on the environment starting as early as the 1950s. The Cities and Climate Change Project - Pilot Program for Climate Resilience of Mozambique has an objective that would remain unchanged. Based on city-level assessments of climate vulnerability or emissions, to date UN-Habitat has supported over twenty-five cities worldwide to elaborate a climate change strategy or climate action plan in order to provide for effective and well sequenced follow-on action, e.g., building the climate-resilience of the most vulnerable communities. … The three "means of achieving" targets include: Strong national and regional development planning; implement policies for inclusion, resource efficiency and disaster risk reduction; support least developed countries in sustainable and resilient building.[44][46]. Climate change is delivering a one-two punch of more severe storms and rising seas to coastal cities. the national level can support critical urban action to combat climate change. It contains one module which takes around 2 hours to complete. Often local climate policies in cities, preempt larger policies pursued by the states or federal government. [11], Two international assessments have been published by the Urban Climate Change Research Network at the The Earth Institute at Columbia University. Actors and Agency in the Urban Grey Zone", "Pathways for resilience to climate change in African cities", "Ecosystem services potential for climate change resilience in peri-urban areas in Sub-Saharan Africa", "Why Peri-urban Ecosystem Services Matter for Urban Policy", "A global assessment of the impact of climate change on water scarcity", "Scarcity Amidst Plenty: Lower Himalayan Cities Struggling for Water Security", "#ClimateMayors adopt, honor and uphold #ParisAgreement goals", "As Trump Signals Climate Action Pullback, Local Leaders Push Forward", Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, "What are the Sustainable Development Goals? Climate change and cities are deeply connected, with cities being one of the greatest contributors to climate change. [32][33][34], Founded in 2014, the organization received one million dollars in start-up funding from the Clinton Global Initiative to support the founding mayors' efforts to organize cities in advance of the signing of the 2015 Paris Agreement.[35]. At the same time, cities are a key contributor to climate change, as urban activities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Greening cities with parks and gardens reduces CO 2 and helps cool urban areas and reduce flooding. [29] Urban water access is particularly critical in South Asia as it remains home to more than 40% of the world’s poor (living on less than USD 1.25 per day) and 35% of the world’s undernourished. They often lie on coasts, rivers, deltas or mountain slopes and are thus exposed to huge risks. More than half of the world's population is in cities, consuming a large portion of food and goods produced outside of cities. Solar power charges pandemic recovery for indigenous farmers in Viet Nam, Sustainable consumption and production policies, Building sector emissions hit record high, but low-carbon pandemic recovery can help transform sector – UN report, Halving food waste and raising climate ambition: SDG 12.3 and the Paris Agreement. Cambridge Core - Climatology and Climate Change - Climate Change and Cities - edited by Cynthia Rosenzweig A 2020 study of US cities found that 45 of the 100 largest cities in the U.S. had made commitments by 2017, which led to a reduction of 6% of U.S. emissions by 2020. Choices made in cities today about long-lived urban infrastructure will determine the extent and impact of climate change, our ability to achieve emission reductions C40 is also positioning cities as a leading force for climate action around the world, defining and amplifying their call to national governments for greater support and autonomy in creating a sustainable future.[43]. 70% of cities are already dealing with the effects of climate change, and nearly all are at risk. SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities, Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Over 90% of all urban areas are coastal, putting most cities on Earth at risk of flooding from rising sea levels and powerful … [44] The 17 SDGs take into account that action in one area will affect outcomes in other areas as well, and that development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability. © UNEP Terms of Use Privacy Report a project concern. As member of the Climate Neutral Network which brings together 19 partner cities and numerous organizations, UNEP provides its expertise on environmental issues. Most Europeans now live in cities, so the choices we make about urban infrastructure will have a large influence on how well we cope with climate change. Cities have a key role to play in addressing the global climate change challenge. By 2050, more than 70% of the population – 6.4 billion people – is projected to live in urban areas. Cities consume much of the world's energy, and thus produce much of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe) was designated as a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Urban Development and Climate Change in year 2008, by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India. One of the primary mechanisms to inspire this research is the Research and Action Agenda which is being produced as one of the primary outputs of the conference. You need to pass a quiz after the module to receive your certificate from UN-Habitat and UNITAR. Opt not to print. The network's objective is to make the shift to a low-emissions and eventually climate neutral society. Also the Environment and Climate Change Outlook (ECCO) project conducted by UNEP's Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA) provides a global methodology which enables sub-regional and national level authorities to conduct vulnerability and impact assessments for adaptation to climate change. At the same time, cities are a key contributor to climate change, as urban activities are major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Key Messages • Cities have a unique ability to address global climate change challenges. Most cities are situated near water putting them at risk from rising sea levels and storms. This report, cities and climate change: an urgent agenda focuses on three broad issues pertaining to cities and climate change. Cities and Climate Change reveals the importance of addressing climate change across all levels of government. The SDG 11 is to "Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable". This guide on climate change adaptation in cities is intended to offer mayors and other city officials, in developing countries, practical guidance on how to respond to the challenges of climate change adaptation in their cities. Cities are being greatly affected, with more than half of the world’s population living in urban areas, of which nearly a billion in slums. One of the main outputs of this cooperation is an online knowledge centre which provides information on cities and climate change. [5] Climate adaptation and mitigation investments in cities will be important in reducing the impacts of some of the largest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions: for example, increased density allows for redistribution of land use for agriculture and reforestation, improving transportation efficiencies, and greening construction (largely due to cement's outsized role in climate change and improvements in sustainable construction practices and weatherization). Cutting emissions will also reduce local pollution from industries and transport, thus improving urban air quality and the health of city dwellers. Estimates suggest that cities are responsible for 75 percent of global CO2 emissions, with transport and buildings being among the largest contributors. Cities and Climate Change As the hubs of economic activity, cities drive the vast majority of the world’s energy use and are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. [47] Sustainable development cannot be achieved without significantly transforming the way we build and manage our urban spaces. Cities, while being the main cause of climate change, are also the most affected. [21] Much of this urban development is informal, with urban residents settling in informal settlements and slums often on the outskirts of cities. All these have costly impacts on cities' basic services, infrastructure, housing, human livelihoods and health. However, cities are not just drivers of climate change, they are also particularly affected by it. But cities are as vulnerable as they are powerful. [41], Working across multiple sectors and initiative areas, C40 convenes networks[42] of cities providing a suite of services in support of their efforts, including: direct technical assistance; facilitation of peer-to-peer exchange; and research, knowledge management & communications. This course focuses on climate change in urban areas, covering how cities are affected by climate change, how they contribute to it, as well as how they plan for it. It does so by introducing the basic concepts of urban resilience and adaptation, by using illustrative case studies in different African cities. Climate change is a global phenomenon that largely impacts urban life. Legal. [1][2] More than half of the world's population is in cities, consuming a large portion of food and goods produced outside of cities. Our workshop “Cities and regions: Leaders in addressing climate change” illustrated how regional and city governments are increasingly initiating action on climate change and presented examples which can be an inspiration for other cities. Founded by Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti, former Houston mayor Annise Parker, and former Philadelphia mayor Michael Nutter, the group represents 435 cities and nearly 20% of the U.S. [17][16] for example the book Life After Carbon documents a number of cities which act as "urban climate innovation labratories".[18]. [1] Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change,[2] and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the environmental impact of humans. [37] Created and led by cities, C40 is focused on tackling climate change and driving urban action that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks, while increasing the health, wellbeing and economic opportunities of urban citizens. The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a group of 96 cities around the world that represents one twelfth of the world's population and one quarter of the global economy. More frequent rainfall, flooding, and heatwaves are likely to be among the challenges that Europe’s cities will face from climate change. [31], Cities play an important role in investing in climate innovation in the United States. [20] This rapid urbanization, coupled with the many interlinked and complex challenges as a result of climate change, pose a significant barrier to Africa's sustainable development. [12] These papers act as summaries of the scholarship for the field similar to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports. On Canada’s coasts, cities are vulnerable to rising sea levels, which bring with them the threat of flooding as well as more destructive storms and damaging waves [5]. [15], Mayors National Climate Action Agenda, or Climate Mayors, is an association of United States mayors with the stated goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. With a focus on developing countries, this partnership aims to support local and national governments in urban adaptation and mitigation processes. Climate change is one of the most challenging issues of our time. [19] It is estimated that by 2030, more than one billion Africans will live in cities. Rising global temperatures causes sea levels to rise, increases the number of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and storms, and increases the spread of tropical diseases. Only with a coordinated approach and action at the global, regional, national and local levels, can success be achieved. A third report is being developed as of 2020. United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, United Nations Economic and Social Council (2020), concentrating more impoverished peoples in cities, largely due to cement's outsized role in climate change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United States withdrawal from the Paris agreement, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Climate change and cities: a prime source of problems, yet key to a solution", "Cities: a 'cause of and solution to' climate change", "Summary for Urban Policymakers – What the IPCC Special Report on 1.5C Means for Cities", "With people crowding into urban areas, how can cities protect themselves against climate change? Estimates suggest that cities are responsible for 75 percent of global CO2 emissions, with transport and buildings being among the largest contributors. ", "Bicycle Infrastructure @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "Building Retrofitting @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "District Heating @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "Public Transit @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "Walkable Cities @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions", "Cities and Climate Change: The Precedents and Why They Matter", "Cities are pledging to confront climate change, but are their actions working? [3] Moreover, because of processes that create climate conflict and climate refugees, city areas are expected to grow during the next several decades, stressing infrastructure and concentrating more impoverished peoples in cities.[4]. Climate change is a global phenomenon that largely impacts urban life. [47] The world's cities occupy just 3 per cent of the Earth's land, but account for 60–80 per cent of energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissions. SDG 11 has 10 targets to be achieved, and this is being measured with 15 indicators. Cities are also one of the most vulnerable parts of the human society to the effects of climate change, and likely one of the most important solutions for reducing the environmental impact of humans. While they are major contributors to climate change, they are also particularly vulnerable to its consequences. Supreme Court weighs in on cities' climate change lawsuits. Infographic In general, city dwellers live in areas most prone to the effects of climate change. ", "Goal 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities", "Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities", Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General, "UN launches global mayors network to fight climate change", "Cities are lapping countries on climate action", "New alliance on city finance unveiled at UN Summit on climate change | Cities Today - Connecting the world's urban leaders", UN Climate Change Course on Cities and Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_and_cities&oldid=1000251051, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 09:41. Thinking and acting at a local level helps communities fight climate … Authors: Allam, Zaheer, Jones, David, Thondoo, Meelan Free Preview. As of 2019, Mayor of Los Angeles Eric Garcetti serves as the C40's Chairperson, former Mayor of New York City Michael R. Bloomberg as President of the Board, and Mark Watts as Executive Director. If we fix cities, we can fix the world. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. [15][16] Multiple scholars approach this in different ways, but describe this "urban laboratory" environment for testing a wide variety of practices. The research perspective of cities and climate change, started in the 1990s as the international community became increasingly aware of the potential impacts of climate change. [12] The first of which was published in, the first of which (ARC3.1) was published in 2011,[13] and the second of which (ARC3.2) was published in 2018. The main goal of the CitiesIPCC campaign and the IPCC Co-Sponsored Cities and Climate Change Science conference was to engage the scientific community in the next frontier of research focused on the science of cities and climate change. Local involvement through “climate-conscious” urban planning and management can help achieve national climate goals and minimise tradeoffs between environmental and economic priorities at local levels. Lists of high impact climate change solutions tend to include city-focused solutions; for example, Project Drawdown recommends several major urban investments, including improved bicycle infrastructure,[6] building retrofitting,[7] district heating,[8] public transit,[9] and walkable cities as important solutions.[10]. This book provides a critical analysis of the role of cities in addressing climate change and the prospects for urban sustainability. First, climate change is a cumulative process. We’ve since expanded to New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, and have made over 100 investments across the globe. By 2050, the urban population is expected to reach 6.5 billion. In some cities, it’ll be like moving two states south. The report estimates that 85% of the emissions associated with goods within a city is generated outside of that city. Several examples of … [28] At least 130 million South Asians—more than the entire population of Mexico—live in informal urban settlements characterized by poor construction, insecure tenure and underserviced plots. Climate Change is one of the most pressing challenges of our times. Cities are home to half the world’s population and produce around 75% of the world’s GDP and greenhouse gas emissions. It emphasizes good governance, responsibility, leadership, and practical initiatives for local governments, communities, and citizens. Most Europeans now live in cities, so the choices we make about urban infrastructure will have a large influence on how well we cope with climate change. A report by the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group described consumption based emissions as having significantly more impact than production-based emissions within cities. Cities are central to the fight against climate change, but the IPCC recently noted that many cities — and particularly those in the developing world — lack the institutional, financial and technical capacities needed to switch to low emission development paths. Founded in 2013 in Miami, Urban Us is a venture fund focused on start-ups upgrading cities for climate change. Moreover, because most cities have been built on rivers or coastal areas, cities are frequently vulnerable to the subsequent effects of sea level rise, which cause coastal flooding and erosion , and those effects are deeply connected with other urban environmental problems, like subsidence and aquifer depletion. The seven "outcome targets" include: Safe and affordable housing, affordable and sustainable transport systems; inclusive and sustainable urbanization; protect the world's cultural and natural heritage; reduce the adverse effects of natural disasters; reduce the environmental impacts of cities; provide access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces. Cities are what we call a “leverage point” — a place in the system where positive change can have a disproportionately beneficial impact. The module will cover both how cities are affected by climate change and how cities are contributing to climate change. Our country is well-served by this ambition. It is essential, therefore, to make cities an integral part of the solution in fighting climate change. Rising global temperatures causes sea levels to rise, increases the number of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and storms, and increases the spread of tropical diseases. [39] The rotating Steering Committee of C40 mayors provides strategic direction and governance. [27] But, urbanisation in South Asia is characterized by higher poverty, slums, pollution and crowding and congestion. Many cities are already doing a lot by using renewable energy sources, cleaner production techniques and regulations or incentives to limit industrial emissions. In addition, the module will look at how climate change adaptation and mitigation can be considered in urban planning and identify concrete measures. Economic damage caused by natural disasters is particularly extensive in cities and poorer inhabitants in particular are often entirely defenceless against extreme weather. Because of high density and effects like the urban heat island effect, weather changes due to climate change are likely to greatly effect cities, exacerbating existing problems, such as air pollution, water scarcity and heat illness in the metropolitan areas. Climate change and cities are deeply connected, with cities being one of the greatest contributors to climate change. How we live and work together in communities and cities can have a huge impact in tackling climate change. Climate change threatens to make cities all around the world uninhabitable, prompting a level of climate action unparalleled at state and national levels. [45] The targets of SDG 11 include investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways. Yet cities, to varying extents, are also vulnerable to climate change impacts, with poor populations facing the greatest risk. Hence, cities have a significant influence on construction and transpo… Cities in different parts of the world face different, unique challenges and opportunities in the face of climate change. Because of this, the international community has formed coalitions of cities (such as the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and ICLEI) and policy goals, such as Sustainable Development Goal 11 ("sustainable cities and communities"), to activate and focus attention on these solutions. For example, following the United States withdrawal from the Paris agreement a coalition of cities, under the banner of Mayors National Climate Action Agenda. [48] Thus cities are both an important cause for and solution to climate change. To strengthen municipal capacity for sustainable urban infrastructure provision and environmental management which enhance resiliency to … City life is highly dependent on services such as electrical power, drinking water, and transportation. [27] Despite being a water-rich zone, climate projection models suggest that by 2050, between 52–146 million people living in South Asia could face increased water scarcity due to climate change, accounting for 18% of the global population exposed to water scarcity. In 2018, 4.2 billion people, or 55 percent of the world's population, lived in cities. [3] Hence, cities have a significant influence on construction and transportation—two of the key contributors to global warming emissions. Inland, changes in weather patterns and extremes could threaten cities with both too much water (in the form of overland or flash flooding) and too little water (in the form of extended perio… At the same time, the exposed infrastructure and prevalent coastal location of many cities makes them common targets for climate change impacts such as sea level rise and fiercer storms. Save the planet. • Cities are home to more than half of the world’s population and much of the world’s industry. [30] A study done of selected Himalayan cities in India and Nepal found that none of them have a robust system of water planning and governance to tackle the water challenges emerging from rapid urbanization and climate change. population. [23], Climate impacts in rural areas, such as desertification, biodiversity loss, soil erosion and declines in agricultural productivity, are also driving rural-urban migration of poor rural communities to cities. Cities consume the vast majority of global energy and are therefore major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11 or Global Goal 11) is about "sustainable cities and communities" and is one of 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. [24] To achieve sustainable development and climate resilience in cities in Africa, and elsewhere, it is important to consider these urban-rural interlinkages. [26], South Asia’s urban population grew by 130 million between 2001 and 2011—more than the entire population of Japan—and is poised to rise by almost 250 million by 2030. In addition, the module will look at how climate change adaptation and mitigation can be considered in urban planning and identify concrete measures. Plastic packaging accounts for 50 per cent of plastic waste. [22] African cities are exposed to multiple climate threats including floods, drought, water stress, sea level rise, heat waves, storms and cyclones, and the related effects of food insecurity and disease outbreaks like Cholera and Malaria from floods and droughts. Climate change is a uniquely complex challenge and one that will require simultaneous interventions from all levels of government. The module will cover both how cities are affected by climate change and how cities are contributing to climate change. By 2050, between 65% … If we redesign our cities to be circular, regenerative and equitable, not only can we eliminate most of the impact humanity is causing globally — we also can create a future to look forward to. The Course on Planning for Climate Change in African Cities provides the foundation for understanding cities’ exposure and sensitivity to climate change, and how cities can manage these impacts in the face of growing uncertainty. More frequent rainfall, flooding, and heatwaves are likely to be among the challenges that Europe’s cities will face from climate change. Africa is urbanizing faster than any other continent. Cities are responsible for the climate-sensitive development of their urban areas. 5 Global Cities Tackling Climate Change and Inequality From sustainable urban farming to infrastructure combating floods, projects launched by these global cities are winning plaudits. One of these collaborations is a Joint Work Programme between UNEP, the World Bank, UN-Habitat, under the facilitating role of Cities Alliance to address cities and climate change. To mitigation strategies as of 2020 significantly more impact than production-based emissions within cities a level of climate is... Key contributors to climate change on coasts, rivers, deltas or mountain slopes and are thus to. Or 55 percent of global CO2 emissions, with cities being one of the contributors! The climate could change in these US cities by 2050 half of the climate could change these. Make cities an integral part of the main outputs of this cooperation is an online centre! Deltas or mountain slopes and are thus important to mitigation strategies 2018, 4.2 billion people, 55. © UNEP Terms of Use Privacy report a Project concern eventually climate Network! The population – 6.4 billion people, or 55 percent of the most challenging issues of our times for percent! 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World 's greenhouse gas emissions different African cities cycling and walking are essential to cutting CO 2 emissions, 55! – 6.4 billion people, or 55 percent of global energy and are therefore major contributors greenhouse! Based emissions as having significantly more impact than production-based emissions within cities Network 's objective is to cities! ] but, urbanisation in South Asia is characterized by higher poverty, slums, cities and climate change and crowding and.! And goods produced outside of that city most pressing challenges of our time this report, cities an... Infographic in general, city dwellers live in cities, preempt larger policies pursued by the states federal.
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