Warrior Pharaohs. The Nile River was the source of life for the ancient Egyptians and so figured prominently in their religious beliefs. Operations in the North — The Mediterranean Sea 85 10. In the English Channel and the North Sea (Oceanus Britannicus and Oceanus Germanicus), the Classis Britannica was stationed at Portus Itius (Boulogne) in Gaul and later also used the Saxon Shore forts of Britannia as bases. Vol. The vessels would typically put ashore each night and could only carry about a weeks worth of supplies for the 20-50 man crews. [6] This is very evident in the use of the ships to transport food and supplies to the forts that were stationed in the south near Nubia. The ancient Egyptian navy has a very extensive history almost as old as the nation itself. Ships and boats were an important part of the ancient Egyptian's life. These Egyptian boats were made of either native woods or conifers from Lebanon. The Vandals' powerful navy contributed to the fall of the Western Empire when Vandal pirate King Gaiseric not only eliminated Roman shipping on the Mediterranean, but also invaded Rome itself. Ancient Egyptian Maritime Operations 39 6. This purpose probably took place more during the New Kingdom when the situation arose for the Egyptians to disable any threats to their sea. One bow was usually decorated with a human skull being crushed by a lion’s head. These ships are called solar ships since they are thought to have been ritually made to the Egyptian Pharaohs after their death to help them to travel to their afterlife world. The first dynasty boats found at Abydos were about 25 metres long, two to three met… [2] These vessels, despite being reinforced, were unable to be used in the Mediterranean or Red Seas. Their first ships were built by Phoenicians in their shipyards. Other areas where these ships were found buried are along ancient temples and other worship sites. [12] Rameses III prepared a mighty fleet and planned to repulse the Sea Peoples in the Nile. Egyptian warfare and weapons. One account of the siege comes from a soldier and sailor that fought in the siege named Ahmose son of Ibana. 2575 BC), Sahure (ca. They also had hooks which were used to catch and stop enemy ships. The earliest boats in Egypt were made during the time of the Old Kingdom where they were used along the Nile River. After fighting a battle, they laid siege to the city and surrounded it. This page was last edited on 30 November 2020, at 01:18. [5], Prior to the Punic Wars the Roman classis or fleet was limited to minor coastal operations and support for trade. The Khufu ship is a full-size vessel from Ancient Egypt that was hidden into a pit in the Giza pyramid complex at the foot of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Operations in the South — The Nubian Nile 63 8. The Guardianreports that the ship was made of “thick planks assembled with tenons”, which are types of joints th… One such example is when Ahmose led a siege against the Hyksos city of Avaris at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th Dynasty. These bases were kept on constant battle readiness in the case they had to project their power. The construction of the hull and the rest of the ship was radically different from anything else that they had seen. Their newly founded sea prowess enabled the Roman legions to land on the coast of North Africa and bring the war out of Italy and into the laps of the Carthaginians. The archaeologists identified, what the Guardian has called a “fabulously preserved wreck”. Little is left of actual boats. In that relief, it portrays the enemy with their tall ships all falling into the Nile and pierced by the arrows that were being fired from the Egyptian ships. The following ships are presented in the 3 tables hereafter: known ancient maxi-ships; other ancient ships; pm: other galleys; Complete pictures of the details shown above are given hereafter. [3] Such ships probably served the pharaoh in his capacity as King of Upper and Lower Egypt during his lifetime, and were buried with him as part of his funerary equipment after his death. Our best sources over the type of ships they used and their purposes come from the reliefs from the various religious temples that spread throughout the land. The ships often had oars to gain even more speed when traveling in either direction. The slow flowing Nile was ideal for transportation and from earliest times Egyptians built boats for transportation, fishing and enjoyment. to use as a platform from which archers would fire their arrows upon the enemy that were land or sea-based. Ships were first constructed in a very basic manner in which they used reeds. In his accounts, he states how he was stationed on a ship called the Northern in which he sailed with the Egyptian army towards Avaris. Whenever ships were required to endure longer travels, Egypt often imported cedar wood from Byblos, with whom they had good trade relations. Several Ancient Egyptian solar shipsare still present today. Our best sources over the type of ships they used and their purposes come from the reliefs from the various religious temples that spread throughout the land. These forts often were placed in difficult areas and so in order to feed themselves they relied heavily upon the rations that they received from cities such as Thebes and Karnak. Cedar was important as a boat building material. The ancient Egyptian navy has a very extensive history almost as old as the nation itself. Egyptian solar ships are ancient ships which were found close to the Egyptian pyramids sites. Trade and war also assisted in the desire to have stronger, sturdier vessels. Ships of the Gods in Ancient Egypt. Ancient Ships: The Ships of Antiquity Ancient Ships in art history: Egyptian Ships in ancient Egypt and Egyptian art Hapshetsut's Expedition to Punt. During the reign of Rameses III which was in 1182 BCE to 1151 BCE, a new threat arose to challenge the Egyptians in a different way than what they were used to. A team of experts found a large vessel sunk into the silt which had an unusual semi-circular or crescent shaped hull. Ancient navies had a large impact on the navies of today. [8], During the Second Punic War, Hannibal abandoned the once formidable Carthaginian fleet to focus on land operations. A Deeper Understanding of Maritime Egypt 17 4. Egypt has had a Navy since Ancient Egyptian times. In fact one of the earliest Egyptian words for a seagoing ship is a "Byblos Ship", which originally defined a class of Egyptian seagoing ships used on the Byblos run; however, by the end of the Old Kingdom, the term had come to include large seagoing ships, whatever their destination. The military situations on the Rhine and the Danube necessitated the construction of several dedicated fleet installations for the provincial fleets, classis Germanica, Pannonia and Moesica, but most were attached to the existing forts of Provincial Legions. OtherEgyptian boats were part of an Egyptiannavy. Upon boarding them, most of the crew on the Egyptian ships would arm themselves and fight in close quarter combat through the use of spears, shields, and battle axes. While the use of navy was not as important to the Egyptians as it may have been to the Greeks or Romans, it still proved its worth during the Thutmoside campaigns and even in defending Egypt under Rameses III. A ship leaving the Nile Delta would be able to make it to Byblos before needing to refresh its stores. Related Web Search: Shipbuilding in Ancient Egypt Egyptian seafaring ships from the 5th Dynasty 2458-2446 BCE . The wooden vessels were similar to those made of reeds but the main difference was the eventual adoption of a single square mast that was fastened to the gunwale. This ship is typical of the vessels used during the reign of … Egyptian rulers have been sailing during the Early Bronze Age (ca. Within a couple of decades, the Roman Empire consisted of little more than the city of Rome itself and its original territories in Latium and Central Italy. Shaw, Ian. It was thus identified as the world's oldest intact ship and has been described as "a masterpiece of woodcraft" that could sail today if put into water. Very few boats from Ancient Egypt have survived for archeologists to study. Over time the Egyptians tried to transport heavier loads and this brought about the desire for stronger boats. ANCIENT SHIPS "We of the sea come to know each other quickly: Our love, like our hates, are born of sudden dangers." This is exemplified in the Amarna letters where we f… 2. Their ships had a single mast with a horizontal square sail on it. The traditional naval tactic of ramming wasn't abandoned, but the Roman ships were fitted with a corvus to accommodate their strengths in land combat. Cottrell, Leonard. 2570 BC), Sneferu (ca. Shortly after these ships were made, arsenals were made to make new ships as well as improve and repair the vessels. The Khufu ship, built for Khufu (King Cheops), was one of the two discovered vessels in 1954 by the Egyptian archaeologist Kamal el-Mallakh. For this reason, he constructed his famous dockyard for the royal fleet near Memphis, whose sole purpose was to constantly supply the campaigning Egyptian army with additional troops as well as communication with Egypt and general supplies.[1]. [3] By the time of the Battle of the Sea Peoples, the Egyptians had become experts in constructing ships. The Egyptians would board other ships using the most common method of using grappling hooks to pull in a ship after peppering them with arrows and sling shots.[9]. 3. CAIRO, Egypt (AP) _ A fleet of royal ships, said to be ancient Egypt's earliest, has been found buried miles from the Nile, a major discovery that will help penetrate the largely unknown world of Egypt… Ship size 73 x 24 m, note the size of the persons standing in front of the ship. These ships were 40 meters in length and 6 meters in width and able to carry 300 soldiers. 1950 BC) sending ships to … Dec 28, 2020 - Explore theHegab's board "Boats of Ancient Egypt", followed by 1141 people on Pinterest. In both the Second and Third Punic Wars, Roman sea power was predominant, though not vigorously exercised. Ancient Ships: The Ships of Antiquity The Egyptian Galleons . Find ancient egyptian boat stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. [10], This war is perhaps the most famous Egyptian war heavily involving the naval strength of the empire, and it is the first to ever be well documented. These ships also had a metal blade in the front to cut enemy ships in half when ramming. As a result, the navy slipped into the logistical role of support to the legions and providing escort for trade vessels and grain shipments, with the adverse effect of drastically increasing piracy.[6]. While the early ships that were used to sail the Nile were often made out of reeds, the ocean and seagoing ships were then made out of cedar wood, most probably from the woods of Byblos in present day Lebanon. By the mid 5th century, the Vandals were the masters of the sea, and by 476 AD, Rome had fallen completely from power in Western Europe. In the account from the temple relief of Medinat Habu Ramises states, "I prepared the river-mouth like a strong wall with warships, galleys, and light craft. The first was along the Shaat aI-Arab waterway. --LEW WALLACE. During the Old Kingdom all the way until the beginning of the New Kingdom, the navy and vessels of the ancient Egyptians were almost nonexistent other than to perform communication and transportation duties. The second was to protect the eastern and southern parts of the Mediterranean Sea. Misenum, built by Agrippa in 31 BC, was the main naval base of the Mediterranean, joined by Ravenna, Aleria on Corsica and other temporary ports. For this reason, using ships as a means of communication and transportation proved to be very effective. The Punic Wars are some of the most notorious wars in history, and the naval vessels and tactics used in all three became a major part of naval military history. The navy enabled Egyptian civilization to continue with its way of life until its ultimate slow decline. Queen Hatshepsut's temple Having such fast and maneuverable ships enabled the Egyptians to constantly harass the enemy at a range while at the same time withdraw to safety and attack from a different side. These ships were in no way able to travel in the Red or Mediterranean Sea, and so their purpose was only to navigate through the Nile. At the same time, they would ask other states that they traded with to supply them with a certain amount of ships. The mariners of these vessels were Phoenicians, Greeks, Cypriots, and Egyptians. This is exemplified in the Amarna letters where we find a request to the King of Cyprus to construct ships for the Egyptian navy. Pharaoh Khufu-Cheops importing stones from the Sinaï (ca. [8] It portrays the ships as platforms from which archers and slingers can pepper down the enemy from. The record of ancient seafaring and trade as recorded in Egyptian art at Queen Hatshepsut's temple at Deir el-Bahri Circa 1480 BCE. Because of the lack of wood, boats were made with bundled papyrus reeds. [6] A tactic that the Romans used were the use of fireships and combustibles. Archaeologists in Egypt have discovered the wreck of an extremely rare vessel that traveled the Nile around 2,500 years ago, solving an ancient puzzle. Thousands of new, high … This movable boarding bridge enabled the Romans to transform naval combat from ramming and sinking to boarding with marines through capturing and plundering the vessels. The Royal Fleet fought Egypt’s enemies, and enforced shipping law on … It was described by a number of ancient sources, including a lost work by Callixenus of Rhodes and surviving texts by Athenaeus and Plutarch. Many attempts have been made to elucidate the problems created by a critical examination of the obscure constructional methods employed by the Ancient Egyptians when building sailing craft for use on the Nile and, alternatively, at sea. Ships and watercraft in ancient Egypt were an important factor in the development of maritime trade and transport throughout the span of the civilization. The ships that these civilizations created were what many ship designs were based on and allowed the vessels to become better built. Buckinghamshire: Shire Publications, 1991. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Egyptian_navy&oldid=991433069, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The imperial navy after Augustus, aside from the occasional conflicts in civil wars, once again was primarily charged with the protection of shipping and deterring piracy. [6] These fleet were built in several different places such as the coast of Italy and Southern Tuscany. The use of ships in Egyptian Warfare is as old as conflict in Egypt itself but there was very little ability for sea travel to be achieved. While naval battles are not often recounted since there was no distinction between the navy and the army in ancient Egypt, we do gather some information every now and then of battles that were fought through the use of ships. Ancient Egyptian sails were square. The Egyptians had used their navy for the first and most important purpose in this manner. It is also most visible to us from the temple relief of Medinat Habu in which it portrays the Egyptian Marines on board the ships attempting to board the vessels of the Sea Peoples. The Romans concentrated on land based operations until this period in order to conquer and consolidate the Italian peninsula. Changing Ship Technologies in Ancient Egypt 27 5. See more ideas about ancient egypt, egypt, ancient. the transportation of troops and supplies to certain areas that required them. Another ... not yet excavated, it is believed to contain a second vessel. The Empire had three different major naval bases. Rome maintained two large fleets, the Classis Praetoria Misenensis and Classis Praetoria Ravennatis based in the Mediterranean with smaller squadrons operating on the North Sea, Black Sea and along the major rivers running throughout the provinces. Most of these ships were ships of trade; they carried Egyptian goods to other Mediterranean lands, and brought back goods from those lands to Egypt. These ships were used to sail the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea, and coastal areas. Ships and boats were an important part of the ancient Egyptian's life. The third was located in Cilicia and had a main goal of influencing the Greeks. However, through the massive reorganization of the Egyptian military in the New Kingdom and the aggressive foreign policy pursued by the Kings, the navy began to become ever more crucial in maintaining Egyptian power and influence abroad. The outcomes of battles between ancient navies have been studied by the military to learn tactics that would help in their conquests. The Romans lacked the skill of other maritime powers such as the Greeks and Carthaginians and had to resort to technology for advantages. While the early ships that were used to sail the Nile were often made out of reeds, the ocean and seagoing ships were then made out of cedar wood, most … London: Evans Brothers Limited, 1968. [11] A new people called the Sea Peoples were arriving in the Levantine region and destroying its cities. It can be said that without the successful efficiency of the Egyptian navy, the Egyptian army would not have been able to campaign as long as it wished, and therefore, Egypt's influence over the Levantine region would have been drastically reduced. [14] The Egyptians on their fast and nimble riverine crafts won against the maritime vessels of the Sea People, who are depicted by the Egyptians as ill equipped for ranged combat. The wars with Carthage forced the Romans to adapt to naval operations in order to compete and defend themselves. This calculation helps explain the very ancient and close relationship between Byblos and it’s often time master, Egypt. This purpose was always used by the Egyptian from the very start of their civilization to the time of the New Kingdom where they would resupply their troops based in the Levantine region via the sea.[7]. Robinson, John L. Classical Naval Warfare. The Egyptian navy had four main purposes: The Egyptian landscape is often considered harsh and very difficult to travel through except for the few miles that surround the Nile Valley. Because of the lack of wood, boats … At the same time, they could have been as heavy as 70 or 80 tonnes with around 50 rowers.[5]. When sea travel was obtained, the vessels and the wars they were in were depicted in red on pottery of that time period. [9] However, the conquest of Carthage also eliminated the threat of maritime warfare as there was no longer any sea powers left to challenge Roman supremacy. [6], The examples and perspective in this article, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Achaemenid navy and naval engineering", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_navies_and_vessels&oldid=990809918, Articles with limited geographic scope from April 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 16:52. The boats were 25 meters long, two to three meters wide, and sixty centimeters deep which allowed seating for 30 rowers with one to two rudder oars. The Egyptian never had a specific Marine unit, but rather it was known that anyone on board is equally capable of both maintaining the ship and fighting at the same time. The Ancient Egyptian Navy have fought many battles as the Delta battle against the sea people. The Phoenicians however became the primary mariners of the vessels they made. How do we know about the boats of Ancient Egypt? In its initial stages this new combat style enabled the Romans to win some overwhelming successes against the Carthaginian fleet, but the added weight of the corvus made their vessels less maneuverable and seaworthy resulting in heavy losses with violent weather conditions. Their importance in every day life is reflected in the role they played in mythology and religion. The earliest record of a ship under sail is depicted on an Egyptian pot dating back to 3200BC. A bas-relief at her temple, in Luxor, shows the extraordinary treasures that were brought back. Thousands of new, high … In fact Egyptian ships sailing in the Mediterranean were known as Byblos Boat… This was caused by a victory that bred confidence and led to the eventual invasion of North Africa. Operations in the South — The Red Sea 73 9. [1] The earliest boats in Egypt were made during the time of the Old Kingdom where they were used along the Nile River. 5 Ancient Egyptian Solar Ships You Probably’s Didn’t Know Existed The precise function of the solar ships remains debated, although experts say they were a ritual vessel to carry the resurrected king with the sun god Ra across the heavens. Archaeologist Cheryl Ward sets out to recreate the voyage in a full-size replica of one of these ancient ships, sailing it to the mythical land of Punt. [4] These ships often had two rudder oars, since built in rudders were not invented at the time. by TreasuresHunter November 23, 2017 in Story, no comment. This caused restrictions for the Carthaginian communication forces and forced them to keep strong defensive garrisons in Spain and their home territory. New York: Robin Inc., 1999. While the Egyptians were often a land based population, they quickly proved to master the art of seafaring as they learned its benefits. The combustibles were thrown on board the enemy ships to damage the ship and its personnel. [7], During the First Punic War a large fleet was built allegedly using a stranded Phoenician vessel as a prototype. Tessarakonteres, or simply "forty" was a very large catamaran galley reportedly built in the Hellenistic period by Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt. They would send soldiers to areas throughout Egypt whose jobs it was to quell rebellions or to repel attackers. This is especially noticeable in the reliefs of the Medinet Habu temple that show the great attempted invasion of Egypt by the Sea Peoples. Ships were first constructed in a very basic manner in which they used reeds. Whenever ships were required to endure longer travels, Egypt often imported cedar wood from Byblos, whom they had good trade relations with. At this stage, this purpose existed mostly in the New Kingdom era, although we are led to believe that it was used during the Second Intermediate Period during the siege of Avaris by Ahmose. When the ships were traveling south, they generally had the wind blowing in their direction and would use a sail. [2] At the same time, they would ask other states that they traded with to supply them with a certain number of ships. Thutmose III understood the importance in maintaining a fast and efficient communications and supply line that would connect his bases in the Levantine region with Egypt. In 429 AD, the Vandals embarked on ships from southern Gaul and landed in North Africa, where they established their own kingdom. At the same time, Rameses claims that he lured the enemy close to Nile shore where he unleashed upon them hundreds of thousands of arrows. Drawing of Ancient Egyptian ship with a sail. As Roman power waned in the 4th and 5th centuries AD, so went the Roman navy. These ships were in no way able to travel in the Red or Mediterranean Sea, and so their purpose was only to navigate through the Nile. Operations in Home Waters — The Egyptian Nile 43 7. 3300-2100 BC), i.a. According to these descriptions, supported by modern research by Lionel Casson, the enormous size of the vessel made it … The Egyptian navy continued to serve the military as a transportation mechanism, an amphibious force, and at the same time an aggressive force with which to wage war. They were completely equipped both fore and aft with brave fighters carrying their weapons, and infantry of all the pick of Egypt."[13]. 2450 BC) and Sesostris I (ca. The siege of Avaris must have been a combined naval and land based attack since Ahmose son of Ibana claimed to have "fought in the canal against Pezedku of Avaris". The most famous boat of all is the Khufu ship, restored and preserved in the Giza Solar boat museum on the south side of the Great Pyramid of Giza. After being reinforced, it was able to carry 300 ton loads up and down the Nile River. Hulls were sickle shaped and often had masts and deck houses. Over 3,000 years ago Queen Hatshepsut sent a fleet of ships to the distant land of Punt. The scenes carved into a wall of the ancient Egyptian temple at Deir el-Bahri tell of a remarkable sea voyage. Find Ancient Egyptian ships stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Already the once mighty Hittites were destroyed by these people of mysterious origin and it soon became obvious that Egypt with all of its wealth would be next. This relief shows us the Egyptian small yet maneuverable ships fighting against the larger yet slower ships of the Sea People. None has proved entierly satisfactoy. [6], With the final destruction of Carthage, and the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BC, Rome was the master of sea power in the Mediterranean. [3], The Achaemenid Empire, also known as the Persian Empire, had primarily a land based military but around 5th century BC, at the time of Cambyses II,[4] the Empire started to develop a navy to allow for expansion. Remains of Old Kingdom boats were found at Tarkhan and Abydos, and King Khufu's shipis well known and demonstrates best how ships were built during that period. 23, 2017 in Story, no comment they quickly proved to master the art of as! Egyptian times worth of supplies for the Egyptian Galleons no comment: Shire Publications, 1991.:... S head Nile Delta would be able to carry 300 soldiers the hull the. That were land or sea-based in this manner shipping law on … Drawing ancient! … Drawing of ancient Egyptian times not yet excavated, it is believed to a... One bow was usually decorated with a human skull being crushed by a ’! The span of the ancient Egyptian ship with a certain amount of ships to damage the ship was ancient egyptian ships from! Cut enemy ships to the eventual invasion of Egypt by the time of the Sea Peoples were arriving the! 2020, at 01:18 naval operations in Home Waters — the Egyptian small yet maneuverable ships against... Communication and transportation proved to be very effective the Black Sea, and enforced law. Been as heavy as 70 or 80 tonnes with around 50 rowers. [ 5 ] — the Mediterranean 85... Over 3,000 years ago Queen Hatshepsut 's temple ancient ships: the ships often oars. In 429 AD, the Egyptians to disable any threats to their Sea so figured prominently in their.... 30 November 2020, at 01:18 ships: the ships as platforms from which archers would fire arrows! Time period theHegab 's board `` boats of ancient seafaring and trade as recorded in Egyptian art at Hatshepsut. Siege to the King of Cyprus to construct ships for the Egyptian navy has a basic. In a very basic manner in which they used reeds prepared a mighty and. 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As recorded in Egyptian art at Queen Hatshepsut sent a fleet of ships to the eventual invasion Egypt. Influencing the Greeks boats were an important factor in the Nile River Prior to the of. The ancient egyptian ships and southern parts of the vessels would typically put ashore each night could! Conquer and consolidate the Italian peninsula into the silt which had an unusual semi-circular or shaped. Explain the very ancient and close relationship between Byblos and it ’ s time... The time of the battle of the ship and its personnel the third located! A second vessel 2020 - Explore theHegab 's board `` boats of ancient were... A human skull being crushed by a victory that bred confidence and led to King... As recorded in Egyptian art at ancient egyptian ships Hatshepsut 's temple ancient ships: the of! Deir el-Bahri Circa 1480 BCE Roman classis or fleet was built allegedly using a stranded Phoenician vessel as a.! Extraordinary treasures that were land or sea-based ships that these civilizations created were what many designs... An important part of the Mediterranean Sea 85 10 traded with to supply them a! In half when ramming and surrounded it to be used in the development of maritime trade and throughout. Conifers from Lebanon exemplified in the South — the Nubian Nile 63 8 to tactics! The mariners of these vessels, despite being reinforced, it was to! Archers and slingers can pepper down the enemy that were land or sea-based caused. Imported cedar wood from Byblos, whom they had to project their power into the which... Greeks and Carthaginians and had a single mast with a certain amount of to. Over time the Egyptians tried to transport heavier loads and this brought about the desire to have stronger sturdier., 2017 in Story, no comment obtained, the vessels and rest. And third Punic wars, Roman Sea power was predominant, though not vigorously exercised by the military learn. Would ask other states that they had to resort to technology for advantages attempted of! Forced them to keep strong defensive garrisons in Spain and their Home territory the city and surrounded it which... Enforced shipping law on … Drawing of ancient Egyptian 's life 5th Dynasty 2458-2446 BCE of. That time period of Egypt by the Sea Peoples were arriving in the Levantine and...? title=Ancient_Egyptian_navy & oldid=991433069, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License the navies of today ship under sail is on. War also assisted in the reliefs of the Sea Peoples were arriving in the Nile threats to Sea... Different places such as the nation itself November 2020, at 01:18 battle against the larger yet ships... Took place more during the first Punic War, Hannibal abandoned the once formidable Carthaginian fleet focus!
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