[39] Special grants were also given to those who had distinguished themselves, or to the heirs of those who had lost their lives, in offering resistance to criminals, or by assisting in the prevention, investigation or prosecution of crime. [46], 45 per cent of the land was reserved for auction, with the hope of generating funds for the government. [18] The last stage was allocated to peasant grantees. in the canal supplies due to rotational system. This page was last edited on 16 April 2019, at 14:40. Thus, the greatest system of canal irrigation in the world was created. The complex Punjab Rivers and Link Canals System could very well be classified as one of the twentieth century engineering wonders. Report of the Punjab Colonies Committee, 1907-08, (IOR: 10(3514)), Ch.l, para. It was then upgraded by the British in 1861. Colonisation began in 1914 and lasted a decade, being disrupted by the First World War. (BOR), ’FC's letter', 7 August 1885; pp.23-25. PLEASE NOTE: As per the instructions of Government of Pakistan, from 1st January, 2021 ALL VISA APPLICATIONS are to be submitted via Pakistan Online Visa System. During the same period, the Sukkur barrage and its system of seven canals serving 2.95 million ha in the Lower Indus plain were completed and considered as the first modern hydraulic structure on the downstream Indus river. Both these canal move in south-western direction and while the Fordwah Canal moves deeper into Pakistan Punjab, the Eastern Sadiqia Canal covers the areas on the Indo-Pakistan border. These Yeoman grantees would however prove to be unsatisfactory colonists, absentee landlords, and were unable to transfer their equine skills to the colony.[32]. There are multiple components of Irrigation system of Pakistan for example Rivers, canals barrages, head work’s, dams and tube wells (on smaller scale). At the same time, officials were struggling to enforce discipline as many settler's evaded the residence requirements, built houses on farming plots, cut down trees and led what was perceived by the officials as unsanitary lives. RS to RS, GOI, No.337S, 22 July 1891; in PRAP(I), July 1891, No.19. Managing Partner Media Marketing Services. [4], The Punjab, despite being only 9.7 per cent of the total area of British India, had by 1931 9,929,217 acres irrigated by canals colonies, the largest area in British India, and representing 46 per cent of the total land irrigated by canals. The primary method of doing so was to encourage the commercialisation of agriculture. [27] These immigrant colonists were granted over 60 per cent of the allotted land in the Colony. The Indus River System (IRS) was developed into a complex network of canals, and 74% of its water was utilized for irrigation after Indus … Basin Irrigation System (IBIS). About three fourth of the agricultural land of Pakistan comes under this canal system. [34] Furthermore, a time limitation of 10 years would be placed on leases, enabling the government to weed out unsatisfactory breeders. “The Punjab Disturbances of 1907: The Response of the British government in India to Agrarian Unrest.” Modern Asian Studies, vol. At the time of the British annexation in 1849 it was a barren wasteland, and by 1891 the region had a population density of mere 7 persons per square mile. USD 8,350,000 Young, Report on the colonisation of the Rakh and Mianali Branches of the Chenab Canal (Lahore, Government Printing Press, 1897), pp.2-5. In Pakistan the Monsoon season lasts from: (a) April to may (b) May to June (c) June to December (d) July to September 2. 12 Figure 5 . [36], The outbreak of the War led to the government increasing the amount of land available to military veterans to 180,000 acres. [41] The government decided that those eligible for peasant grants were those whose lands had been ruined by waterlogging, "Canal administration, Waterlogging. As the government ran out of good land to distribute, settler's became increasingly agitated. Subcategories. Tag: Irrigation and Canal System of pakistan Pakistan Geography Mcqs. 679). [13] The first settlers were Sikh Jatts from Amritsar. [28] The strict allocation of land to immigrants from just these seven districts led to criticism of neglect in the west of Punjab, and thereafter 135,000 acres of land was granted to individuals from Gujrat, Jhelum, Shahpur, Rawalpindi, Multan, Lahore, Ferozepur and Bannu. Imran Ali, THE PUNJAB CANAL COLONIES, 1885-1940, 1979, The Australian National University, Canberra, p101. 12 Canal sources. It was characterised by nomadic tribes and notorious criminals, with the Sandal Bar area being named after the Chuhra bandit Sandal. L Canals in Lahore (1 P) Pages in category "Canals in Pakistan" The following 20 pages are in this category, out of 20 total. Furthermore, promises had already been made of grants to agriculturists, which would now need to be retracted, and was noted by the Commissioner of Rawalpindi as constituting an breach of good faith. [10] The minimum size of grants was fixed at 50 acres, and grantees were required to build wells to harvest Rabi crops. [30] British officials in the Punjab were initially opposed to the scheme, arguing that it risked jeopardising the entire colony, and questioning the region's supposed popularity for and prowess in horse-breeding. The IBIS comprises of three large dams, eighty five small dams, nineteen barrages, twelve inter-river link canals, forty-five canal commands and 0.7 million tube wells In monetary terms, this network is the biggest infrastructure enterprise of Pakistan accounting for approximately US$ 300 billion of investment. Location map of the Lower Chenab Canal System ... 11 Figure 4 . [59], A significant beneficiary of the colonisation was the city of Lyallpur, originally named after Sir James Broadwood Lyall who pioneered the Chenab colony. .PCR: 1936, Governor's Review, and pp.7-9; Guilhem Cassan, Identity Based Policies and Identity Manipulation: Evidence from Colonial Punjab, 2013, p47, Ali, Imran, The Punjab Under Imperialism, 1885-1947, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988, p.10, Idrees Khawaja, Development, Disparity and Colonial Shocks: Do Endowments Matter?, 2012, p.12, Idrees Khawaja, Development, Disparity and Colonial Shocks: Do Endowments Matter?, 2012, p.11, Idrees Khawaja, Development, Disparity and Colonial Shocks: Do Endowments Matter?, 2012, p.13. Initially the colony was intended to serve the same aims as the other colonies of fostering agrarian excellence and relieving population strains. Location map of the Fordwah/Eastern Sadiqia System . Irrigation canals in Pakistan, ... the canal system functions . Pakistan needs more dams Indus, Jehlum and Chenab rivers. In Pakistan, almost 75% of the land which is in agricultural use is covered by the irrigation system. Canal is the thing which brings river water close to the field where it is required to be. It differed from the previous two large scale colonies in Jhelum and the Lower Bari Doab in that it did not reserve space for horse breeders. Geographic Names Information System, Nuclear Facilities, Zip Code Boundaries, School Districts, Indian & Federal Lands, Climate Change, Tornadoes, Dams - Create digital GIS maps in minutes. Irrigation system of Pakistan. The new regime, rather than replacing remnants of the previous ruling elites, used them as intermediaries between the government and the wider population. Hindus and Muslims were each given around 31 per cent of the total allotted area. By the 1920s, thirty years after the establishment of the Chenab Colony, the average land price in Lyallpur was Rs. 2. Pakistan Geography Mcqs Multiple Choice Questions: 1. This approach is also used as a strategy to maintain favorable salt balance in the root zone. River water is provided to distant areas through canals. Theme: Illdy. "Sidhnai Canal", File 11/ 2 51/ 3 k.w. The head works of Sutlej and Ravi canals were in India while some parts of Pakistan were being irrigated by these canals. Average actual discharge as percentage of design discharge. This paper. READ PAPER. [47] The government put in place a plan to auction 15,000 acres a year for a period of 20–25 years. The government of India subsequently instructed the Punjab government to impose these conditions on the new colony. Land was also reserved for indigenous groups, peasants from congested areas, landed gentry and for compensatory grants for loss of land. Related Articles. 16. Barrier, N. Gerald. At the time of partition the Western part of province of Punjab was given to Pakistan and Eastern part was given to India. Canal is the thing which brings river water close to the field where it is required to be. Irrigation system of Pakistan. Peasants had to remain as tenants of the government and could not acquire proprietary rights. It provides water to about 18 million hectares of arable land. [27] Amongst the yeoman and capitalist grants, substantial allotments went to Rajputs. [37], These two colonies began at the same time as the Lower Bari Doab Colony. 11. This led to the opening up of colony land to a wider range of Punjabi society rather than the chosen groups in previous colonies. The area was well suited for large-scale colonisation, being a level, alluvial plain, virtually unbroken by ridges or natural drainages. Surveys conducted a decade after its establishment found that only 35 per cent of the land was cultivated by the actual grantees, whilst 65 per cent was rented to sub-tenants. [3], In the 19th century, the vast majority of the population was settled in the fertile regions of central and eastern Punjab. The capitalist grants were intended for men whom the government wished to reward for rendering political, administrative or military services. or by diluvion and river action, or those who that inhabited congested tracts. [11] Furthermore, the government were attracted by the idea of creating a strong self-supporting peasantry, believing it necessary for agricultural progress and maintaining political stability. Olli Varis, Cecilia Tortajada, Asit K. Biswas, Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes, Springer Science & Business Media, 15 Mar 2008, p.177. The canals come out of rivers, dams, and barrages. Canal System of Pakistan Canal is an artificial waterway constructed for purposes of irrigation, drainage, or navigation, or in connection with a hydroelectric dam. [48] The auction process would however prove to be one of the greatest disasters of the entire colonisation project as the onset of the international economic crisis in 1929, meant the market for land in the Punjab collapsed entirely. The consultation was held at Almaty, Kazakhstan, from 25 to 29 September 2001. Imran Ali, THE PUNJAB CANAL COLONIES, 1885-1940, 1979, The Australian National University, Canberra, p97. Your email address will not be published. Download Full PDF Package. Canal System of Pakistan Canal is an artificial waterway constructed for purposes of irrigation, drainage, or navigation, or in connection with a hydroelectric dam. 40 Big canal system. In this article, we will tell you about the largest Irrigation system. [3] From the outset of annexation, the new provincial government believed that if a paternal district officer ruled with an iron hand, protecting his flock from outside threats - whether a moneylender or political agitator - the landowning cultivators would loyally support the British government. Organisations. Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Office of the Chief Engineering Adviser/Chairman Federal Flood Commission(CEA)/(CFFC) FC(D)’s letter; in PRAP(R), July 1927, No . Read More. Pakistan has the largest canal-based irrigation system in the world. Pakistan is the only country that has the largest Irrigation system in the world. Webpreneur. To relieve the pressure of population upon the land in those districts of the Province where the agricultural population has already reached or is fast approaching the limit which the land available to agriculture can support and to colonise the area in question with well-to-do yeomen of the best class of agriculturists, who will cultivate their own holdings with the aid of their families and the usual menials, but as much as possible without the aid of tenants, and will constitute healthy agricultural communities of the best Punjab type. Furthermore, the land was becoming increasingly fragmented as grantees distributed the land amongst many heirs. Upon acquiring the grants, the yeoman and capitalist grantees were required to pay a fee to the government in lieu of the size of their holdings. The Punjab Canal Colonies is the name given to parts of western Punjab which were brought under cultivation through the construction of canals and agricultural colonisation during the British Raj. 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